Packeteer Home Page Choose a PacketGuide version   

 Feedback

 Search

 Index

 Contents

What's New?



 Overviews

 Recommendations

 Tasks

 PolicyCenter Tasks










Policy/Partition Guidelines

Guidelines for choosing suitable policies and partitions for specific types of traffic and for setting appropriate field values

Managing bandwidth allocation for today's traffic diversity is a learned skill. The following table should give you a head start. But keep in mind that these are just guidelines and that your own context heavily influences the types of policies and partitions that are appropriate for your environment.

See Policy Overview and Partition Overview for background information — what PacketWise policies and partitions are and what they do. See Control Strategy Overview for a more broad and introductory approach. Deployment Size's Impact on Defining Policies/Partitions is also helpful.

First figure out how to characterize the types of traffic you want to manage, then consult the following tables.

By Traffic Characteristics:

Traffic Characteristics Traffic Examples Control Suggestions
Non-TCP traffic IPX, SNA, AppleTalk Priority policy with a priority selected from the priority-guidelines table that reflects importance.
Small, time-sensitive, important flows Telnet, DNS, LDAP, SNMP Priority policy with a high priority.
Large, bandwidth-hungry, important, non-time-sensitive flows File transfers, email

Rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, medium priority.
Partition to contain the aggregate of all users

Large, bandwidth-hungry, unimportant flows Games (in a business setting) Rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, very low priority, and, if desired, a cap of the appropriate per-session Kbps amount that a particular game needs for acceptable performance.
Partition to contain the aggregate of all users to less than 5 percent of capacity (or whatever you are willing to devote).
Large, bandwidth-hungry, interactive, time-sensitive flows SAP Rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, high priority.
Partition to protect the aggregate for all users.
Real-time streaming audio or video flows that need smooth reception and are sensitive to jitter Streamworks, WindowsMedia

Rate policy with 25 Kbps guaranteed (or the minimum, per-session amount needed for acceptable performance), burstable, medium-to-high priority, and a cap, perhaps 60 Kbps, that prevents sessions from getting bandwidth beyond that which improves reception.
Priority policy for the control flows (as opposed to the flows of data) with a high priority.
Partition with a size that accommodates the maximum number of allowed users with minimum per-session bandwidth (500 Kbps for 20 users, for example).
Admission Control to refuse more than the maximum number of users (or redirect them).

Unimportant, unsanctioned flows that you'd rather not block but want to vigorously contain Music downloads, URLs of questionable content

Rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, priority 0, and 2 Kbps cap (or the per-session amount you'd like to give).
Partition to contain the aggregate of all users to less than 3 percent of capacity (or lower, if desired).

Prohibited, unsanctioned flows Same as previous, but you want to block it To block UDP traffic, set a discard policy.
To redirect web traffic, set a never-admit policy using the web-redirect option with the alternate URL.
To block web traffic without redirection, set a never-admit policy using the web-refuse option.
Otherwise, set a never-admit policy with the refuse option.
Flows that are not destined for the managed link router Traffic to and from an Intranet server Ignore policy.
Flows that are part of a contracted amount of bandwidth ISP customers' bandwidth, dormitory students, office tenants Static partition for all users' bandwidth. Dynamic partition to allocate each user's or each subnet's bandwidth equitably.
Traffic to and from multiple branches, managed from a main site SAP, Oracle, Web, and HTTP from Oslo, Milan, and Paris, managed from a main site in London Should be hub-and-spoke topology. Static partition for each branch with a size equal to branch's WAN capacity. See Control Branch Traffic from a Main Site for instructions.
By Traffic Type:
Application or Protocol Traffic Details Control Suggestions
Email, FTP, Telnet, DNS, SNMP, LDAP, and ERP applications   For applications and protocols that are included in the examples in the previous table, consult that table's suggestions.

Web browsing, to a web server (get requests, typically one packet)

 

Inbound HTTP to an inside server,
Outbound HTTP to an outside server
Priority policy with a priority selected from the priority-guidelines table that reflects importance.
Web browsing, from a web server (responses, typically large and graphic laden) Inbound HTTP from an outside server,
Outbound HTTP from an inside server
Rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, a middle priority, and a cap of the appropriate per-session amount that would keep high-capacity web users from usurping the bandwidth for other web users (100 Kbps, for example, if capacity is available).
Partition to contain the aggregate of all web users to less than 40 percent of capacity (or whatever you are willing to devote).

Voice over IP

Voice clients typically use UDP streams. H.323, the industry standard, starts a conversation on one port (H.323), jumps to another port (Q.931), and eventually splits up into a data flow (RTP) and control flow (RTCP).

 

Note: Video over IP is managed similarly, except the bandwidth amounts are greater. For help and details, see Manage Voice and Video Sessions.

Setup traffic (H.323 and Q.931), small Priority policy at a medium-to-high priority, for example 6.
RTCP, small and intermittent Priority policy at a medium-to-high priority, for example 6.
RTP and other VoIP data protocols, large and data laden

Rate policy with a guaranteed rate (see next comment), burstable at a high priority for the data flows.

For determining the guaranteed rate, use the Monitor Traffic window to look at several RTP flows. Observe usage characteristics (current, one-minute average, and peak rate). Typically, if a manufacturer claims that its flow requires 8 Kbps, it will actually need 17 to 21 Kbps due to additional overhead and forward error correction. In addition, it is best to overstate the guarantee in rate policies for UDP traffic by 15 to 20 percent.

For example: Rate policy with 25 Kbps guaranteed, burstable at 6.

Note: Many links do not deliver full-rated bandwidth. For instance, if you have a 128 Kbps link and are running sustained streaming traffic (such as voice), you will probably need to set the link speed 10 percent lower than actual capacity. This lower rate reflects the overhead for framing and routing updates running on the same line. This is critical for slower (sub-T1) links.

Print Citrix ICA with tag = 3, LPR, TN5250p, TN3287, NetBIOS IP Rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, priority 2.
Database traffic Oracle Try a rate policy with 0 guaranteed, burstable, at priority 6 or a relatively high priority. Examine response times. If latency is a problem, switch to a priority policy at a high priority such as 6.
Citrix application Citrix-based ICA applications, classified individually or together

Rate policy: 5 to 20 Kbps guaranteed, burstable, priority 4 or 5. If you have a slow link or a larger number of concurrent Citrix users, use less guaranteed rate.

Partition on the Citrix parent class of 25 to 50 percent of the link size, burstable, no limit.

Encrypted traffic SSL, IPSec, others

It's impossible to suggest one management strategy for all encrypted traffic because its characteristics and needs vary, just as those for unencrypted traffic vary.

If the encrypted traffic is bursty, batch-oriented, and uses TCP (such as FTP over SSL), use a rate policy.

If it's not bursty and doesn't use TCP (such as an IPSec tunnel of Telnet traffic), use a priority policy.

A partition on IPSec to protect (if it needs protection) and/or to contain (if other traffic's performance is impacted by IPSec's bandwidth demands) is appropriate.

A rate policy with guaranteed bandwidth is usually not appropriate for IPSec traffic, as it may not need the reserved amount or it may need more than what is allocated. A priority policy is a better choice.

See also:

Rate Policy Examples

Priority Policy Examples

Never-Admit Policy Examples

 


PacketGuide™ for PacketWise® 8.3